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coloniality of power
The coloniality of power is a concept interrelating the practices and legacies of European colonialism in social orders and forms of knowledge, advanced in postcolonial studies and Latin American subaltern studies, most prominently by Anibal Quijano. It identifies and describes the living legacy of colonialism in contemporary societies in the form of social discrimination that outlived formal colonialism and became integrated in succeeding social orders. The concept identifies the racial, political and social hierarchical orders imposed by European colonialism in Latin America that prescribed value to certain peoples/societies while disenfranchising others. Quijano argues that the colonial structure of power resulted in a caste system, where Spaniards were ranked at the top and those that they conquered at the bottom due to their different phenotypic traits and a culture presumed to be inferior.〔Quijano, A. “Coloniality and Modernity/Rationality.” ''Cultural Studies'' 21 (2-3) (March/May 2007): 168-178.〕 This categorization resulted in a persistent categorical and discriminatory discourse that was reflected in the social and economic structure of the colony, and that continues to be reflected in the structure of modern postcolonial societies. Maria Lugones expands the definition of coloniality of power by noting that it imposes values and expectations on gender as well,〔Lugones, M. “Heterosexualism and the Colonial/Modern Gender System.” ''Hypatia'' 22, no. 1 (Winter 2007): 186-209.〕 in particular related to the European ranking of women as inferior to men.〔Schiwy, F. “Decolonization and the Question of Subjectivity: Gender, Race, and Binary Thinking.” ''Cultural Studies'' 21(2-3) (March/May 2007): 271-294.〕 The concept was also expanded upon by Ramón Grosfoguel, Walter Mignolo, and Nelson Maldonado-Torres.〔"Several scholars have expanded on Quijano's coloniality, including Ramón Grosfoguel, with his explanation of the entangled heterarchy that manifests coloniality (Grosfoguel, R. "The Epistemic Decolonial Turn." ''Cultural Studies'' 21(2): 211-223. 2007); Walter Mignolo, with his integration of the concepts of coloniality, modernity, and decolonizing knowledge—particularly as regards space and history (Mignolo, W. "Delinking: the rhetoric of modernity, the logic of coloniality, and the grammar of de-coloniality." ''Cultural Studies''. 21(2): 449-514. 2007); and Nelson Maldonado-Torres' Fanonian exploration of the coloniality of being and its dehumanizing consequences (Maldonado-Torres, N. "On the Coloniality of Being." ''Cultural Studies'' 21(2): 240 -270. 2007.) " 〕 Quijano's work on the subject "had wide repercussions among Latin American postcolonial scholars in the North American academy."
==Organization of the concept==
Coloniality of power takes three forms: ''systems of hierarchies'', ''systems of knowledge'', and ''cultural systems''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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